Everything about Duke Of York And Albany totally explained
:
For the nursery rhyme see The Grand Old Duke of York.
The title
Duke of York is a title of
nobility in the British
peerage. Since the 15th century, it has, when granted, been usually given to the second son of the
British monarch. Since the second creation (1474), none of the holders of the title have ever transmitted it: they either died without male heirs or became King themselves.
The current Duke of York is
The Prince Andrew, second son of
Queen Elizabeth II. Andrew currently has no male heirs; thus, the most likely candidate for the next creation is
Prince Henry of Wales, being the second son of
Charles, Prince of Wales.
The wife of the Duke of York is known as the
Duchess of York.
History
York was in mediæval times the main town of Northern England, and
Yorkshire was England's largest
shire.
Between the fall of Jorvik under
Eirik Bloodaxe, last
King of Jorvik and the first created Duke of York, there were a few
Earls of York.
The title was first created in the
Peerage of England for Edmund of Langley, the fourth surviving son of
Edward III, and an important character in
Shakespeare's
Richard II. His son
Edward, who inherited the title, was killed at the
Battle of Agincourt in
1415. The title passed to his nephew Richard, the son of
Richard of Conisburgh, 3rd Earl of Cambridge (who had been executed for plotting against
King Henry V).
The younger Richard managed to obtain a restoration of the title, but when his eldest son, who inherited the title, became King in
1461 as
Edward IV, the title merged into the Crown.
The title was next created for
Richard of Shrewsbury, second son of King Edward IV. Richard was one of the
Princes in the Tower, and as he died without heirs, the title became extinct at his death.
The next creation was for Henry Tudor, second son of
King Henry VII. When his elder brother
Arthur, Prince of Wales, died in
1502, Henry became heir to the throne, and ultimately
King Henry VIII, when his titles merged into the crown.
The title was for the fourth time created for Charles Stuart, second son of
King James I. When his elder brother, Henry Frederick, Prince of Wales, died in
1612, Charles became heir, was created
Prince of Wales in
1616 and eventually became
King Charles I, and the title merged into the Crown.
The fifth creation was in favour of James Stuart, the second son of Charles I. Named for this particular Duke of York are the
city and
state of New York in what is now the
United States of America. When his elder brother,
King Charles II, died without heirs, James succeeded to the throne as
King James II, and the title once again merged into the Crown.
In the early 18th century, the
Jacobite claimant to the throne,
James Francis Edward Stuart, son of James II, granted the title "Duke of York" (in the
Jacobite Peerage) to his own second son,
Henry. James Francis Edward Stuart was known to those who rejected his claims as "The Old Pretender"; his elder son
Charles was called "The Young Pretender", and "Bonnie Prince Charlie", and the younger son, Henry, who became a Roman Catholic cardinal, was known as the Cardinal Duke of York. To the Jacobites, they were Kings James III, Charles III, and Henry IX, respectively.
The next creations (the title changing to "York and Albany") were in the
Peerage of Great Britain. The title was first held by Duke Ernest Augustus of Brunswick-Lüneburg, Bishop of Osnabrück, the youngest brother of
King George I. He died without heirs.
The second creation of the Dukedom of York and Albany was for Prince Edward Augustus, younger brother of
King George III, who also died without heirs, having never married.
The third and last creation of the York and Albany title was for
Prince Frederick Augustus, the second son of King George III. He served as Commander-in-Chief of the
British Army for many years, and was the original "
Grand old Duke of York" in the popular rhyme. He too died without heirs.
The sixth creation of the Dukedom of York was for Prince George of Wales, second son of
Albert Edward, Prince of Wales, the future King Edward VII. He was created Duke of York following the death of his elder brother,
Prince Albert Victor, Duke of Clarence. The title merged with the crown when George succeeded his father as King George V.
The seventh creation was for Prince Albert, second son of King George V, and younger brother of
King Edward VIII. Albert came unexpectedly to the throne when his brother abdicated, and took the name George VI, the Dukedom merging into the crown.
The most recent creation was for Prince Andrew, second son of Queen Elizabeth II. As of the present day, he only has two daughters. Thus, if he's no future sons, which seems likely, the title will become extinct at his death. If the tradition of awarding the title to the second son of the monarch were to continue, the title would then be awarded to
Prince Harry, the younger son of
Charles, Prince of Wales, the current
heir apparent to the throne. Titles are traditionally given on marriage and if Harry's marriage predated Andrew's death, another title would have to be awarded instead (following the precedent of the
Earldom of Wessex being awarded to the current Duke of York's brother,
Prince Edward, with the promise of the
Dukedom of Edinburgh being granted to him at a later date, Prince Harry may be created an Earl with the expectation of being created Duke of York on his uncle's death).
Aside from the first creation, every time the Dukedom of York has been created it has had only one occupant, that person either inheriting the throne or dying without male heirs. This has fuelled the
rumour that there's a
curse on the title.
Dukes
Dukes of York
|
Edmund of LangleyHouse of York (founder)1385–
1402 || ||
5 June 1341Kings Langleyson of
Edward III of England and
Philippa of Hainault||
Isabella of Castile13723 children; Joan de Holland
no children||
1 August 1402Kings Langleyaged 61
|-
|
Edward of NorwichHouse of York1402–
1415 || ||
1373Norwichson of
Edmund of Langley and
Isabella of Castile||never married||
25 October 1415Agincourtaged 42
|-
|
Richard PlantagenetHouse of York1415–
1460 || ||
21 September 1411son of
Richard of Conisburgh, 3rd Earl of Cambridge and
Anne de Mortimer||
Cecily Neville143713 children||
30 December 1460Wakefieldaged 42
|-
|
Edward PlantagenetHouse of York1460–
1461 || ||
28 April 1442Rouenson of
Richard Plantagenet and
Cecily Neville||
Elizabeth Woodville1 May 146410 children||
9 April 1483Westminsteraged 40
|-
|}
Edward Plantagenet became king
Edward IV of England in 1461, as thus the title Duke of York was merged with the
Crown of England.
Second creation, 1474-1483
|-
|
Richard of ShrewsburyHouse of York1474–
1483 || ||
17 August 1473Shrewsburyson of
Edward IV of England and
Elizabeth Woodville||
Anne de Mowbray, 8th Countess of Norfolk15 January 1478no children||unknown
|-
|}
How
Richard of Shrewsbury died is a controversial, frequently debated topic and there's no solid evidence for his date, age or place of death, though he was incarcerated in the
Tower of London along with his brother, becoming popularly known as one of the
Princes in the Tower.
Third creation, 1494-1509
|-
|
Henry TudorHouse of Tudor1494–
1509|| ||
28 June 1491Greenwich Palaceson of
Henry VII of England and
Elizabeth of York ||
Catherine of Aragon11 June 15091 child
Anne Boleyn25 January 15331 child
Jane Seymour30 May 15361 child
Anne of Cleves6 January 1540no children
Catherine Howard28 July 1540no children
Catherine Parr12 July 1543no children
||
28 January 1547Whitehall Palaceaged 55
|-
|}
Henry Tudor became king
Henry VIII of England in 1509, as thus the title Duke of York was merged with the
Crown of England.
Fourth creation, 1605-1625
|-
|
Charles Stuart(
"Saint Charles the Martyr")
House of Stuart1605–
1625|| ||
19 November 1600Dunfermline Palaceson of
James I of England and
Anne of Denmark ||
Henrietta Maria of France13 June 16259 children||
30 January 1649Whitehall Palaceaged 48
|}
Charles Stuart became king
Charles I of England in 1625, as thus the title Duke of York was merged with the
Crown of England.
|
James StuartHouse of Stuart1633/
1644–
1685|| ||
14 October 1633St. James's Palaceson of
Charles I of England and
Henrietta Maria of France||
Anne Hyde3 September 16608 children
Mary of Modena21 November 16737 children||
16 September 1701Château de Saint-Germain-en-Layeaged 67
|-
|}
Styled
Duke of York from birth. James Stuart became king
James II of England in 1685, as thus the title Duke of York was merged with the
Crown of England.
Dukes of York and Albany
First creation, 1716-1728
|
Prince Ernest AugustusHouse of Hanover1716–
1728|| ||
7 September 1674Osnabrückson of
Ernest Augustus, Elector of Brunswick-Lüneburg and
Sophia of the Palatinate||never married||
14 August 1728Osnabrückaged 53
|-
|}
Prince Ernest also held the title
Prince-Bishop of Osnabrück. He was the younger brother of
George I of Great Britain and died
sine prole.
Second creation, 1760-1767
|
Prince EdwardHouse of Hanover1760–
1767|| ||
25 March 1739Norfolk Houseson of
Frederick, Prince of Wales and
Augusta of Saxe-Gotha||never married||
17 September 1767Prince's Palace of Monacoaged 28
|-
|}
Prince Edward was the younger brother of
George III of the United Kingdom, Edward died while still in his 20s after coming down with illness, he died
sine prole.
Third creation, 1784-1827
|
Prince FrederickHouse of Hanover1784–
1827|| ||
16 August 1763St. James's Palaceson of
Frederick, Prince of Wales and
Augusta of Saxe-Gotha||
Frederica Charlotte of Prussia29 September 1791No children||
5 January 1827Rutland Houseaged 63
|-
|}
Prince Frederick separated from his only wife Frederica Charlotte with whom he'd no children, but was rumoured to have fathered several illegitimate children, however none of these received the title
Duke of York.
Dukes of York
Sixth creation, 1892-1910
|
Prince GeorgeHouse of Windsor1892–
1910|| ||
3 June 1865Marlborough Houseson of
Edward VII of the United Kingdom and
Alexandra of Denmark||
Mary of Teck6 July 18936 children||
20 January 1936Sandringham Houseaged 70
|-
|}
Prince George became king
George V of the United Kingdom in 1910, as thus the title Duke of York was merged with the
Crown of the United Kingdom.
Seventh creation, 1920-1936
|
Prince AlbertHouse of Windsor1920–
1936|| ||
14 December 1895Sandringham Houseson of
George V of the United Kingdom and
Mary of Teck||
Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon26 April 19232 children ||
6 February 1952Sandringham House
aged 56
|-
|}
Prince Albert became king
George VI of the United Kingdom in 1936, as thus the title Duke of York was merged with the
Crown of the United Kingdom.
Eighth creation, 1986-Present
|
Prince AndrewHouse of Windsor1986–present|| ||
19 February 1960Buckingham Palaceson of
Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh and
Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom||
Sarah, Duchess of York23 July 19862 children || current holder
|-
|}
Further Information
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